Are you unsure about what type of finish to use for your wood projects? Applying a wood finish doesn’t have to be complicated. In this article, we will discuss the basics of wood finishing to help you make the right choice for your projects.

Key Points:

  • Some projects may not require any finish at all, such as shop cabinets or work benches.
  • A wood finish helps protect wood from scratches, moisture damage, spills, stains, and UV damage from sunlight.
  • Sanding the project before applying the finish is important to achieve a smooth surface.
  • There are two main kinds of finish: layered finish and oil finish.
  • Layered finishes, such as polyurethane and lacquer, offer more protection to the wood but may appear artificial.
  • Oil finishes, such as tung oil and linseed oil, penetrate into the wood for a more natural look but provide less protection.
  • Polyurethane is a popular choice for its durability, but it can be time-consuming to apply.
  • Lacquer is a fast-drying finish that provides a smooth and glossy surface.
  • Oil finishes are easy to apply but offer limited protection and are better suited for decorative pieces.

Wood finishes serve two main purposes: protection and aesthetics. Applying a finish to your wood projects helps protect them from scratches, moisture damage, spills, stains, and the harmful effects of UV rays. Additionally, a well-applied finish can enhance the natural beauty of the wood, making it visually appealing and enjoyable to touch.

Before applying any finish, it’s crucial to sand your project to achieve a smooth surface. Start with 120-grit sandpaper and progress to 220-grit sandpaper. This will provide a good base for the finish to adhere to. Remember to remove all sawdust from the project using a vacuum, tack cloth, or a lint-free cloth. This step is essential to ensure a flawless finish.

When it comes to choosing a wood finish, there are two main categories: layered finishes and oil finishes. Layered finishes, such as polyurethane, lacquer, and varnishes, create a protective layer on the surface of the wood. These finishes offer excellent protection but can sometimes appear artificial or plastic-like.

Polyurethane is one of the most popular finishes due to its durability. However, it can be labor-intensive to apply. To achieve a good finish, it is recommended to apply at least three coats and allow drying time between each coat. Brushing polyurethane requires a different technique than traditional painting to avoid streaks and air bubbles. It’s advisable to dip the brush into mineral spirits before applying the finish to ensure smooth application.

Lacquer, on the other hand, is known for its fast-drying properties. It is commonly used in professional production environments and is usually sprayed on with an HVLP sprayer. However, brushing lacquer is also an option for hobbyists and weekend woodworkers. The key to a smooth lacquer finish is to apply it quickly and avoid overworking it. Unlike other finishes, lacquer does not require sanding between coats as each coat fuses into the one beneath it.

Oil finishes, such as tung oil and linseed oil, penetrate into the wood to enhance its natural appearance. These finishes are easy to apply, as you simply pour the oil onto a rag or directly onto the wood surface and wipe it in. However, oil finishes offer less protection compared to layered finishes and are better suited for decorative pieces rather than high-use items.

Tung oil provides a warm and amber tone to the wood, while linseed oil offers a more natural look. If using linseed oil, it is recommended to let it dry for a couple of hours before applying a second coat. Additional coats are not necessary for oil finishes, and overnight drying time is usually sufficient.

In conclusion, choosing the right wood finish depends on the level of protection and aesthetic appeal you desire for your project. Polyurethane and lacquer offer excellent protection but may have a slightly artificial appearance. Oil finishes, on the other hand, provide a more natural look but offer limited protection. Take your time to consider the specific needs of your project and select a finish that suits your preferences and requirements. Happy finishing!